Background information of Pepto-Bismo ( liquid Medication) Research Paper

Background information of Pepto-Bismo ( liquid Medication) - Research Paper Example The drug normally has an unpleasant taste, but there are claims suggesting that keeping it under refrigeration reduces the undesirable taste. This research explores the possible effects of keeping Pepto-Bismol liquid medication under refrigeration in preference to room temperature, and at the end of this study a sound conclusion will have been obtained. This drug is present in the form of liquid formulation and chewable tablets or capsules, which are swallowed. The main ingredient in the drug, bismuth subsalicylate is a calcium carbonate and belongs to the class of antacids. The medication has the effect of being adsorbent on the stomach. Once swallowed it is thought to coat the stomach and intestinal walls to prevent the action of acids on these surfaces. It is also thought to kill certain bacteria. The doctor or pharmacist should recommend this medication prior to its use by an individual. The drug should be swallowed depending on the patient. An adult should swallow sixteen capsules in twenty-four hours; a child above ten years should swallow eight tablets in twenty-four hours while that one below ten years should use liquid medication. The medication should be taken thirty minutes apart. Many factors are taken into consideration before the dosage is given. These factors are the determinants on whether the drug will be helpful to the user. The drug takes effect immediately after swallowing it and relieves the discomfort instantly. The main dosage that is given by pharmacists and doctors is two tablets after every thirty minutes and a maximum of 16 tablets in 24 hours. The swallowing should be 30 minutes apart. For children, the swallowing should also be 30 minutes apart with a maximum of eight tablets in 24 hours. For effective use of this medicine, the tablets should be dissolved in the mouth prior to swallowing. Before a doctor or pharmacist recommends this drug they check the body weight, other drugs used

Waste Management in Fonterra Tirau Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Waste Management in Fonterra Tirau - Assignment Example Tirau site produces both technical and edible casein, manufacturing about 7000 tonnes per year for export to the USA, China, Japan and Europe. Fonterra Tirau contribute a lot to the South Waikato community and its members. Fonterra Tirau site conducts regular neighborhood clean-ups and helps the unpaid assistant fire brigade in their activities. Biogas produced from the site’s waste water treatment system is used to partly fuel the site’s boilers. Fonterra Tirau site owns one of the largest waste water treatment plants in the Southern part of Hemisphere and all other sites in the region relays on this site (Franklin, R 2007). A detailed EIA report that was submitted to Waikato department of Environment should have the following details which are the main components of EIA: Screening, Scoping, prediction and mitigation, management and monitoring or audit. Screening is the process of deciding on whether an EIA is required. EIA may be based on site-specific information. For example in this case before the Tirau site was established EIA should have been conducted because it is likely to cause a lot of environmental issues which require to be properly mitigated. Guidelines for whether or not an EIA is required will be country specific depending on the laws or norms in operation (Manning 1986). Scoping is conducted early in the project cycle at the same time as outline planning and pre-feasibility studies. Scoping is the process of identifying the key environmental issues and is perhaps the most important step in an EIA. Decision makers, the local community and the technical community, have an interest in assisting to premeditate the issues which should be dealt with (Wathern, 1988). Prediction and mitigation follows once the scoping process is finished once the major impacts to be studied have been identified, prediction and mitigation measures are then discussed. Mitigation is defined as a set of

Task: Managing Human Resources in Healthcare

Task: Managing Human Resources in Healthcare Mark Don Corpuz As a recent graduate, appointed to an HR Advisory role within a large New Zealand healthcare organization, you have been requested by your manager to develop a discussion document for management which: 1. Considers the following types of business factors that underpin human resource planning in a healthcare organization- business growth, decline, change, competition; impact of technology and labour market competition and employee development. Business growth There are things to consider when hiring people to work in a company: one is how this individual performs tasks that are beyond company expectations and the other is how the company will benefit from his performance. Every company expects to grow and gain profit to consider itself as successful and strong. However, this will not be possible without the help of its employees. And because HR management provides support to the company when it comes to hiring employees, this position is very well checked and maintained to make sure that the entire business will have dedicated and hard working staff to contribute on the success of its nature. The aging population in New Zealand is at high and is increasing every year, thus, making the health care industry popular in this country. HR department is responsible in making sure the staff concerns are well taken care and monitored. The growth of the health business depends on how workers or healthcare professionals participate to achieve common aims and to value it whenever necessary. Absenteeism and being late to work are common reasons why staff performance is low and time management is compromised. There was a saying that taking care of its employees will in return take care of the business. This is so true to most cases like what had happened in the Philippines that one of the taxi drivers returned a bag full of money to a tourist and was given attention by the government and the media. After the incident, the company where he was working was acknowledged for having honest taxi drivers. This case is very important to the business due to a reason that people will start to gain trust and confidence to call this company for their services. Decline and change Transformation of business environment is expected to be flexible in its form and the impact might have a huge effect to the management. There are concerns arising within the business environment which contribute to its changes such as staff reshuffle, union protest, legal concerns, and resignation of officials, improvement of working facilities and services or other events that help reshape the whole organization. There are also causes that may help companies to improve and increase its growth. Some examples are hiring of potential applicants that will provide favorable outcomes to the business. Health care sector are prone to different changes in its management. Some changes were influenced by new legislations and requirements. Government bodies like district health boards and PHARMAC help monitor and implement rules to help organizations comply with the law requirements. There are also legislations that help protect the rights of every employee which is being handled by HR personnel. Competition In business, competition is present to employees and institutions. This attitude may sometimes be understood as a rival between both parties and the aim is to be a winner. Competition is also considered to be an element of giving employees willingness and determination to work hard. This also makes individuals to aim for a higher career level and gaining good image for the organization to be acknowledged. Sometimes there are disadvantages when competition is uncontrolled because this may lead to common mistakes and misinterpretation of who is achieving a goal. In a health care facility, most employees compete to receive bonus and additional compensation offered by the company. Impact of Technology Computer nowadays provide direct access to information through internet which is believed to be useful. It also makes tasks like typing, recording, storing and updating data easier. HRM are using computer technology to help them in doing paper works and keeping documents. Documents are very important and storage devices are helpful in keeping records confidential. Advance technology also provides comfort and convenience to customers that use them. A nursing home that have advance setting with new up to date equipments will have a huge impact on potential customers. When a family or client visit’s a nursing home and finds everything to be new and advance, this might give them an impression that they are comfortable and pleasing to their eyes. This will tend them to stay in the nursing home and will be happy on the services they will receive. There are also negative impacts when using technologies. High cost of parts when equipment is broken can also be considered to have a negative cause to the business. Hi technology can also be very expensive and careful budget must be considered since this will also affect the financial stability of the company. Labour market competition and employee development There are many facilities that compete with each other in terms on how they provide services and how they deal with clients. Most companies use techniques to convince people to use or buy their services. And many try to advertise their facility to differentiate them from other businesses. Growth and development are important in an employee because this gives good foundation when he wants to excel on his current position. Growing through learning new ideas and updates are also essential to assist a worker to improve in his job. 2. Considers the following types of human resource requirements and factors that underpin human resource planning in a healthcare organization- identifying internal personnel requirements, internal and external factors in matching personnel to organizational requirements; government policies and labour market competition. Identifying internal personnel requirements There are a lot of requirements needed to be hired as an employee of the company. Human resource department give a list of things needed to an applicant when he wants to apply or when an individual is hired. These requirements are being used to do background check and assess on the qualification he achieved. These documents serve as a basis on whether an applicant is qualified or not for the job. The human resource team creates a process on how the recruitment is done and how this department can gather data from an applicant. Some department use forms to be filled by an applicant. There is some use one in one interview of the client and record it while listening to him. Information on its employees is a must to the company and must be treated in full confidentiality. This information is kept in records and managers usually review them for promotions or legal purposes. Identification of personal data is also needed to know and familiarize the background of every worker in the company. Internal organizational requirements Organizations have objective and these must be aimed for the success of the business. The success of the business depends on the value of services it offers. Many companies try to compel the quality they must serve and they want to improve their services beyond the required international standard in order to be more competitive to people. Organizations also impose guidelines on how they want their employees to work in the company. Managers are providing certain steps on how to choose individuals. In terms of qualification, managers find ways and ideas on how the company find qualified applicants. HR staff helps the administration to give criteria on how one will get hired. In terms of operation, organizations work with different departments to ensure that internal needs of the company are met. For example, managers look at possible work hazards that might affect the operation of the business. Managers list down factors that comprise the whole organization. One to be prioritized is health and safety on employees and salary issues. These things are emphasized by the manager and HR personnel to better give employees the value of their rights and will not violate any legal matter. Government policies Before a company start, it must strictly comply on the government regulations. These regulations are made based on law and that these are practiced to ensure that nothing is violated. To better understand the purpose why a law was made, we can look on its contents and how it is implemented. All contents clearly state the description on how someone will be protected from abuse or harm. The HR department is responsible in making sure the rights of every employee are implemented in the workplace. Its duty is to orient every employee on what are his basic rights and how he can practice it. References: 1. ISBE (2011). As retrieved from http://www.isbe.org.uk/HRM. 2. Tuomi, Lauri. The Strategic Human in Growth Firms: A Finnish Case as retrieved from http://webs2002.uab.es/edp/workshop/cd/Proceedings/3EDPW_LTuomi.pdf 3. Chron (2014). How can HR a competitive advantage for any organization? As retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/can-hr-become-competitive-advantage-organization-50913.html 4. 2000. How will new technologies change the human resource profession? As retrieved from http://www.indiana.edu/~jobtalk/Articles/hrm/TechnologyChange.htm 5. Berkeley HR, University of California. Chapter 11: employee development and training as retrieved from http://hrweb.berkeley.edu/guides/managing-hr/managing-successfully/development 6. Human Resources, Institute of New Zealand. Human Resources Management in New Zealand as retrieved from http://www.hrinz.org.nz/Site/Resources/hrm_in_nz.aspx 7. Standards New Zealand. New ISO standard focuses on importance of people in quality management as retrieved from http://www.standards.co.nz/news/media-releases/2012/nov/new-iso-standard-focuses-on-importance-of-people-in-quality-management/

Jackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Essay

Jackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Baseball has always been known as America's pastime. But America's pastime, along with America's past, have both been saturated with the brutal force of racism. For hundreds of years, from the time of slavery until the middle of the 20th century, African-American children rounded up their friends and headed to the baseball diamond. There, for thousands of young black players, the smell of the grass, the cloud of dust that formed when running the ninety feet between bases, and the feeling of safely sliding into homeplate for a run marked the glimmer of fun and excitement in an otherwise dreary day. However, due to the color of their skin, black children were not awarded these luxuries. For aspiring black ballplayers, a baseball field with bats and actual baseballs would be a dream come true. Instead they were forced to play with rocks and sticks in an alley or run-down sandlot. But this would never stop them, the thrill and joy of baseball was too great. When playing, it seem ed as if all their worries and fears floated away and only one thing mattered...baseball. Baseball was their escape, their livelihood, and the topic of all their hopes and dreams. For young black ballplayers, baseball was much more than a game. The word aspiring must also be clarified. See, for black players, one undeniable truth was always present. No matter how good you were, no matter how many homeruns or stolen bases you had, how hard you hit the ball or how fast you threw the ball, no matter if you had the ability to play with the best of the best, Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, and Mickey Mantle, there was one thing you never had...the right skin color. The word aspiring did not exist in the... ... In 1972, Jackie Robinson died, but his legacy never will. Today, the effects of Jackie Robinson can be seen wherever one looks. On the covers of Sports Illustrated, ESPN, Rolling Stones, and even the Wall Street Journal, African-Americans are now seen in a much different light than in the fifties. Since Jackie Robinson integrated baseball in 1947, black society in America has truly broken barriers. Although arguable, it is my contention that the 54 years after the first day Jackie Robinson stepped up to the plate was the best 54 years in African-American improvements of all time. More importantly than improvements in black America, are the improvements in all of America, in every facet of life. Jackie Robinson was not only great at playing baseball, but also great at playing life. Quoting the recent Nike advertising campaign, "Thank you Jackie Robinson."#

Hamlet and Particular Attention Essay

1. Think about Hamlet’s relationship with Ophelia. Does he love her? Does he stop loving her? Did he ever love her? What evidence can you find in the play to support your opinion? 2. Consider Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s role in the play. Why might Shakespeare have created characters like this? Are they there for comic relief, or do they serve a more serious purpose? Why does the news of their deaths come only after the deaths of the royal family in Act V, as if this news were not anticlimactic? Is it acceptable for Hamlet to treat them as he does? Why or why not? 3. Analyze the use of descriptions and images in Hamlet. How does Shakespeare use descriptive language to enhance the visual possibilities of a stage production? How does he use imagery to create a mood of tension, suspense, fear, and despair? 4. Analyze the use of comedy in Hamlet, paying particular attention to the gravediggers, Osric, and Polonius. Does comedy serve merely to relieve the tension of the tragedy, or do the comic scenes serve a more serious thematic purpose as well? 5. Suicide is an important theme in Hamlet. Discuss how the play treats the idea of suicide morally, religiously, and aesthetically, with particular attention to Hamlet’s two important statements about suicide: the â€Å"O, that this too too solid flesh would melt† soliloquy (I.ii.129–158) and the â€Å"To be, or not to be† soliloquy (III.i.56–88). Why does Hamlet believe that, although capable of suicide, most human beings choose to live, despite the cruelty, pain, and injustice of the world?

‘Of mice and men’ Several Characters Essay

Q: In ‘of mice and men’ several characters show they have hopes and dreams of a better future. Explain why you think this is what the character gain or lose from their dreams. A dream is something you indulge in, to escape for a moment from life. This seems to be the circumstance that John Steinbeck intended his characters in Of Mice and Men to dream in. They are all craving for something – in the case of George and Lennie, that something is land. They are not the first travelling ranch hands to summon up images of their own land, or of being their own bosses. This dream is similar to the Great American Dream, that you can achieve anything if you have the mind and desire to do it. However I will explain how the characters in ‘Of Mice And Men’ gained and lose from their dreams. To begin with, the two main characters, George and Lennie. Their dream is to have call their own land, but that is mostly George’s dream, Lennie wants to look after the rabbit, since he likes to tend soft things. Lennie is introduced in the novel as a animal imagery, ‘a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulder; and he walked heavily dragging his feet a little, the way bears drag his paws.’ He acts like a little child and he looks up to George as guidance. At times George wishes he didn’t have to put up wit Lennie, but you realise that they cant live without each other, they need each others company, ‘I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you.’ Yet carrying on about George and Lennie’s dream, there is a gain and lose of the dream. They have a sense of hope, ‘we got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us.’ This means by George and Lennie having each other, the there would be a sense of hope with their dream, for their future, for them to look forward together. During their bad times at the ranch, they have the dream to look forward to, which the dream gives a sense of purpose, to escape from reality. When their dream will come true, they will be free from prejudice; they wouldn’t have anyone treating them with disrespect. Also one of the most important facts that George will gain is to be in charge of own destiny, a sense of ownership, ‘an’ it’d be our own.’ He has an idea of the kind of place he is looking for, ‘got a little win’ mill. Got a shack on it, an’ a chicken run. Got a kitchen, orchard, cherries, apples, peaches, `cots, nuts, got a few berries. They’s a place for alfalfa and plenty water to flood it. They’s a pig-pen†¦.’ However there is a lose of this dream, a lose of hope and touch with reality. When they arrive at the ranch where they will be working the first person that they meet is an older gentleman named Candy. Candy has lived a long and hard life on the ranch and has nothing to show for it. During his time on the ranch he has lost his hand, grown old, and feels that he has become worthless. The name â€Å"Candy† is an interesting one for this character though. When you think of candy you see children eating it while running around in the yard having a good time without a care in the world. This is the exact opposite of what the character in the novel is. The restless fiend of age has caught up with him and he is not able to move as fast as he once did; even his dog is unable to move about. Candy and his dog have good bond relationship; they have each other like George and Lennie. When George and Lennie reveals their dream, Candy become interested and wanted to share the dream, ‘s’pose I went with you guys. Tha’ three hundred an’ fifty bucks I’d put in. I ain’t much good, but I could cook and tend the chickens and hoe the garden some. How’d that be?’ Candy wants to share this dream since he wants to be use, since how candy’s dog was treated. His dog was killed, since it was no use and candy doesn’t want to be useless.

Information on the Test for US Citizenship

Information on the Test for US Citizenship Before immigrants to the United States seeking citizenship can take the Oath of U.S. Citizenship and begin enjoying the benefits of citizenship, they must pass a naturalization test administered by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), formerly known as the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). The test consists of two parts: the civics test and the English language test. In these tests, applicants for citizenship are, with certain exemptions for age and physical impairment, expected to demonstrate that they can read, write, and speak words in ordinary daily usage in the English language, and that they have a basic knowledge and understanding of American history, government, and tradition. The Civics Test For most applicants, the most difficult part of the naturalization test is the civics test, which assesses the applicants knowledge of basic U.S. government and history. In the civics portion of the test, applicants are asked up to 10 questions on American government, history and integrated civics, like geography, symbolism and holidays. The 10 questions are randomly selected from a list of 100 questions prepared by the USCIS. While there may be more than one acceptable answer to many of the 100 questions, the civics test is not a multiple choice test. The civics test is an oral test, administered during the naturalization application interview.In order to pass the civics portion of the test, applicants must correctly answer at least six (6) of the 10 randomly selected questions.In October 2008, the USCIS replaced the old set of 100 civics test questions used since its old INS days, with a new set of questions in an attempt to improve the percentage of applicants passing the test. The English Language Test The English language test has three parts: speaking, reading, and writing. The applicants ability to speak English is evaluated by a USCIS official in a one-on-one interview during which the applicant completes the Application for Naturalization, Form N-400. During the test, the applicant will be required to understand and respond to directions and questions spoken by the USCIS official.In the reading portion of the test, the applicant must read one out of three sentences correctly in order to pass. In the writing test, the applicant must write one out of three sentences correctly. Passing or Failing and Trying Again Applicants are given two chances to take the English and civics tests. Applicants who fail any part of the test during their first interview will be retested on only the part of the test they failed within from 60 to 90 days. While applicants who fail the retest are denied naturalization, they retain their status as Lawful Permanent Residents. Should they still wish to pursue U.S. citizenship, they must reapply for naturalization and repay all associated fees. How Much Does the Naturalization Process Cost? The current (2016) application fee for U.S. naturalization is $680, including an $85 biometric fee for fingerprinting and identification services. However, applicants 75 years of age or older are not charged the biometric fee, bringing their total fee down to $595.   How Long Does it Take? USCIS reports that as of June 2012, the average total processing time for an application for U.S. naturalization was 4.8 months. If that seems like a long time, consider that in 2008, processing times averaged 10-12 months and have been as long as 16-18 months in the past. Test Exemptions and Accommodations Because of their age and time as legal permanent U.S. residents, some applicants are exempt from the English requirement of the test for naturalization and may be allowed to take the civics test in the language of their choice. In addition, seniors who have certain medical conditions can apply for waivers to the naturalization test. Applicants age 50 or older when they filed for naturalization and have lived as a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) in the United States for 20 years are exempt from the English language requirement.Applicants age 55 or older when they filed for naturalization and have lived as a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) in the United States for 15 years are exempt from the English language requirement.While they may be exempt from the English language requirement, all senior applicants are required to take the civics test ​but may be allowed to take it in their native language. Complete information on exemptions to the naturalization tests can be found on the USCIS Exceptions Accommodations website. How Many Pass? According to the USCIS, more than 1,980,000 naturalization tests were administered nationwide from October 1, 2009, through June 30, 2012. USCIS reported that as of June 2012, the overall nationwide pass rate for all applicants taking both the English and civics tests was 92%. In 2008, the USCIS redesigned the naturalization test. The goal of the redesign was to improve overall pass rates by providing a more uniform and consistent testing experience while effectively assessing the applicants knowledge of U.S. history and government.Data from the USCIS report Study on Pass/Fail Rates for Naturalization Applicants  indicate that the pass rate for applicants taking the new test is significantly higher than the pass rate for applicants taking the old test.According to the report, the average annual pass rate for the overall naturalization test has improved from 87.1% in 2004 to 95.8% in 2010. The average annual pass rate for the English language test improved from 90.0% in 2004 to 97.0% in 2010, while the pass rate for the civics test improved from 94.2% to 97.5%.

The First Job Professor Ramos Blog

The First Job I got my first job at a sportswear store in the Cabazon Outlet Mall. I was very nervous and excited on my first day. I wore my uniform, which was any appropriate shirt with the store’s logo, and black pants. I was trained on my first day. I had to walk around the store and ask the costumers if they needed help finding anything. I also had to keep the women’s section clean and presentable. I was also in charge of the fitting rooms. I walked up to a lady with brunette hair and a mole on her cheek. I asked her, â€Å"are you finding everything okay?† She was looking at the rain coats and asked me, â€Å"what is Omni-Wick?† I felt my heart stop as I stared at her completely confused. â€Å"Excuse me,† she said. She looked at me as if she was trying to â€Å"revive† me with her eyes. â€Å"Oh, the Omni-Wick.† For some weird reason my head instantly thought Under Armor. â€Å"it works like armor. It protects you from the rain and keeps you fully dry.† â€Å"oh, that’s great! Exactly what I was looking for. Thank you.† she said as she smiled and walked away. It just sounded like it made sense I mean, it was a rain coat. I told my supervisor, Carlos, he was very nice and supportive. He looked at me and smiled. â€Å"Omni- Wick means it is drying.† he said has he chuckled. I was completely embarrassed and red like a tomato. ‘It’s okay, I was confused also on my first day. † He pulled out a little booklet from the drawer behind the registers. It had all the Omni- Technology listed with pictures. He gave it to me and told me to look over it. I looked over it and carried it around my pocket. I studied it every time I could. I was very insecure to approach customers after I gave my first customer incorrect information. I spent most of my day at the fitting rooms. I let customers in the fitting rooms and keep track of what they brought in. I had to put away all the â€Å"go backs† in the right places and keep an eye on the fitting rooms. My co-workers were great at helping the customers. I wanted to be like them, experts in customer service and Omni- Technology. I asked Luis, my co-worker, about the Omni-Wick shirts. â€Å"Omni-Wick shirts evaporate your sweat quicker than a regular shirt. They also dry faster after washing. Perfect for when your outdoors.† I was impressed. He knew exactly what it was. â€Å"can you teach me about the technologies. At least the most common ones.† I said helping him fold the men’s graphic t-shirts. â€Å"sure, we can go over them on our break.† he said while displaying the shirts on the table. â€Å"thank you. I really appreciate it.† I was determined to learn the technologies. I wanted to successes at my job. My manager, Hollie, came up to me and asked me how I was doing. I didn’t tell her about my encounter with my first customer. â€Å"I’m doing great! Luis is going to teach me about the technologies on our break.† â€Å"That’s great! It is good to ask help from your co-workers that makes us great team. Let me know if you have any questions.† â€Å"I will, thanks Hollie.† she walked away to a customer that caught her attention by the registers. As I worked at the fitting rooms, I noticed there was an elderly man having trouble looking at the pants size of a pair of shorts. I went up to him and asked him if he needed any help with anything. He told me he was having trouble looking for his size. I helped him find his size of the pair of shorts he wanted. He was very pleased with my customer service and complimented me to my supervisor Carlos. I felt proud of myself. I made an old man’s day by helping him find his size. It was a great feeling and I wanted to feel that every day when I came into work. I was determined to learn more and help our customers. When it was time for my break I sat in the break room with Luis to study the Technologies. â€Å"the most common Technologies are; Omni- Wick, Omni- Heat, Omni- Freeze, and Omni- Shade. Omni- Wick evaporates sweat to keep you dry and it dries fast after you wash it. Omni- Heat is on all of the jackets in the store. Omni-heat has tiny foil-like spots that retain and regulate your body temperature.† he then showed me the inside of his jacket that had Omni- Heat. I was very impressed with the material. It was literary like wrapping yourself in aluminum foil. â€Å"Omni- Freeze helps you stay cool when you sweat.† he took an Omni- Freeze shirt and sprayed it with water. â€Å"go ahead, feel it.† as I touched the shirt it felt as if he just took it out of the fridge. It was very cool. â€Å"Omni-Shade is the last most common one. It is on all the shirts. It is like sun screen. It protects you from uv rays by absorbing and reflecting. These are the most common Technol ogies. If you know these Technologies like the back of your hand, you’ll be okay. They are on all the apparel. Except when people do online returns. Those sometimes have different Technologies.† A week later, I was closing the store with Hollie and a young woman came up to me and asked me for help. â€Å"what can I help you with?† I asked her. â€Å"I need something to were on top of my bathing suit when I go surfing.† she told me. she was going to Puerto Rico for a wedding. I helped her pick out a thin long sleeve shirt that had Omni-Shade. â€Å"this long sleeve has the Omni-Shade Technology which protects you from uv rays. It works just like sunscreen.† â€Å"wow, that’s so cool, just like sunscreen!† she thanked me and brought the long sleeve. She was our last customer that day. Hollie locked the door and we went to the office to count the money. She told me we had a secret shopper that week and our customer service was being tested. I was surprised and asked myself if it was any of the customers I helped that week. On Monday when I came into work everyone kept telling me â€Å"good job† and â€Å"how did I know,† I was completely confused. Carlos came up to me and told me I scored a hundred percent for our secret shop. i was proud of myself. i thanked Luis for helping me learn the Omni- Technologies. It was one of my greatest accomplishments since I started working.

The Age of the Ocean Floor

The Age of the Ocean Floor The youngest crust of the ocean floor can be found near the seafloor spreading centers or mid-ocean ridges. As the plates split apart, magma rises from below the Earths surface to fill in the empty void. The magma hardens and crystallizes as it latches onto the moving plate and continues to cool over millions of years as it moves farther away from the divergent boundary. Like any rock, the plates of basaltic composition become less thick and denser as they cool. When an old, cold and dense oceanic plate comes into contact with a thick, buoyant continental crust or younger (and thus warmer and thicker) oceanic crust, it will always subduct.  In essence, oceanic plates are more susceptible to subduction as they get older.   Because of this correlation between age and subduction potential, very little ocean floor is older than 125 million years and almost none of it is older than 200 million years. Therefore, seafloor dating isnt that useful for studying plate motions beyond the Cretaceous. For that, geologists date and study continental crust.  Ã‚   The lone outlier (the bright splash of purple that you see north of Africa) to all of this is the Mediterranean Sea. It is the lasting remnant of an ancient ocean, the Tethys, that is shrinking as Africa and Europe collide in the Alpide  orogeny. At 280 million years, it still pales in comparison to the four-billion-year-old rock that can be found on the continental crust.   A History of Ocean Floor Mapping and Dating The ocean floor is a mysterious place that marine geologists and oceanographers have struggled to fully grasp. In fact, scientists have mapped more of the surface of the Moon, Mars, and Venus than the surface of our ocean. (You may have heard this fact before, and while true, there is a logical explanation as to why.)   Seafloor mapping, in its earliest, most primitive form, consisted of lowering weighted lines and measuring how far the sunk. This was done mostly to determine near-shore hazards for navigation. The development of sonar in the early 20th century allowed scientists to get a clearer picture of seafloor topography.  It didnt provide dates or chemical analyses of the ocean floor, but it did uncover long oceanic ridges, steep canyons and many other landforms that are indicators of plate tectonics.   The seafloor was mapped by shipborne magnetometers in the 1950s and produced puzzling results - sequential zones of normal and reverse magnetic polarity  spreading out from the oceanic ridges. Later theories showed that  this was due to the reversing nature of Earths magnetic field. Every so often (it has occurred over 170 times over the past 100 million years), the poles will suddenly switch.  As the magma and lava cool at seafloor spreading centers, whatever magnetic field is present get ingrained into the rock. The ocean plates spread and grow in opposite directions, so rocks that are equidistance from the center have the same magnetic polarity and age. That is, until they get subducted and recycled under less-dense oceanic or continental crust.   Deep ocean drilling and radiometric dating in the late 1960s gave an accurate stratigraphy and precise date of the ocean floor. From studying the oxygen isotopes of the shells of microfossils in these cores, scientists were able to begin studying the Earths past climates in a study known as paleoclimatology.

Cover and Thank You letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cover and Thank You letter - Essay Example In this case, I am able to think out through problems clearly and in a systematic manner while maintaining flexibility in challenging situations which will enable me bring energy and commitment to excellence that is indispensable to succeed in Marathon Oil Corporation’s innovative environment. Despite my lack of hands-on experience in a work environment, I have developed technical skills and the ability to present details to a large environment required in the business environment. In order to attain the objective of working in a challenging and interesting environment, I am requesting for consideration in the aforementioned position in your company. I became interested in an intern’s position at Marathon Oil after researching different companies that could offer me a challenge. As a leader in the industry, there is no any other place that can help me meet my objectives other than your company. I know this position will enable me identify my strengths and address any weaknesses in order to equip me with expertise for the job market. Thank you for the opportunity to interview with you on Wednesday, June 6, 2012 at your company headquarters. The position of intern in your information technology department is an outstanding opportunity I feel exceptionally qualified. I am beholden by the information and time you shared with me during the interview. Indeed, the time spent with you makes me yearn for this position more than when I was applying for the position. As we discussed, my financial and information technology background will give me a foothold to meet my objectives and those of the company while working with my workmates. Not only am I able to discuss the requirements in your workplace, but I also do understand the expectations of this position in the competitive global business

Whirlpool Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Whirlpool Corporation - Essay Example This was compounded by other raw material costs as well leading to a larger end user price which immediately required the attention of the company. 3. In addition to these, Whirlpool also felt that the service support was an unique selling proposition since most of the Asian companies did not have an elaborate service network. In case of Whirlpool they had operations in 170 countries which made it easy and they wanted to make it more effective. It is important that these issues are addressed in their ERP solution. The ERP solution was expected to provide a solution to these key issues. Primarily, it was expected to reduce the cost of production: 2. Reducing the stock on hand and the inventory, both raw material, intermediate and finished goods. This was expected to bring down the holding cost of the product as well. This would also reduce the cost of production. 5. The company also tried to build relationships with various vendors across the globe which would result in outsourcing some of the products that these people can produce for much lesser. This will again bring down the price of the product further. 6. The transportation cost and the raw material cost though they have increased, optimizing the supply and by clubbing together supplies, moving them to the nearest point for fabrication work would all bring down the cost of production. All this would bring down the cost of the end product for the customer. This was what the customer expects. Also cutting down the cost of production would improve the profit margins that the company had. Implementing ERP would bring down the material movement; reduce the stock holding costs in terms of both raw materials and finished goods. There will also better production planning. All this would help in reducing the cost of production further and increasing the margins the company had. ERP

Which aspects of Communism posed a challenge to liberal capitalism in Essay

Which aspects of Communism posed a challenge to liberal capitalism in the first half of the Twentieth Century - Essay Example Furthermore, in the communist system of Government basic needs such as health care and education are provided by the state since wealth was also equally distributed. The press was also owned and controlled by the state. The central focus of the communist system was on communal progression. On the other hand, the capitalist system was driven by the democratic system of Government and allowed for private ownership of property as well as press freedom. Furthermore in the capitalist system wealth was not evenly distributed since free enterprise was allowed, and its central focus was on individual progression1. Since the shift from communism to capitalism system was preferred towards the first half of the twentieth century, several aspects of communism posed different challenges to liberal capitalism. This academic paper shall focus on the different aspects of communism that posed challenges to liberal capitalism in the first half of the twentieth Century. This paper shall also address other related features such as the relationship between communism and coercion as well as how communism was understood in different parts of Europe2. Before the shift from Socialism to Capitalism in parts of Europe such as Russia, empires were under monarchs. The Russian society was composed into four groups namely the noble who were the ruling class, the upper class who were the clergy, the middle class and the masses. By that period, the ruling emperor was known as Tsar Nicholas the second and had unlimited political power. The noble and upper class owned majority of the land while the majority of the population entailed peasants who were poverty stricken and powerless. When the Russian system shifted from Communism to Capitalism, serfs could not own property hence market forces were not driven by free enterprise. Furthermore, the serfs were not completely free hence the Government was not democratic in any way3. Since theculture in severalcountriesincluding Russia

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic management - Essay Example Keywords: strategy, five forces, entrants, analysis, differentiation, Porter, Â   focus, competitors, substitutes, buyers, suppliers, cost leadership, competitive, method, framework, bargaining, rivalry The significance of strategy formulation by firms is coping with competition. Every firm competing in an industry has either an explicit or implicit competitive strategy. Strategies may have been developed specifically through a planning process or may have developed inherently through tasks carried out by various functional departments of a firm. Each functional department implements approaches directed by its professional direction and the motivation of those in charge. Developing a competitive strategy involves developing an extensive method for how a business is going to compete in an industry, what the objectives of that business will be and what approaches will be needed to achieve those objectives. According to porter, there are five competitive forces that form every industry and every market. The five forces model analyzes the environment in which a business operates to gain competitive advantage. The five forces include the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitute products and services and rivalry among industry competitors. These forces drive the magnitude of competition and hence the profitability and attractiveness of an industry. Corporate strategy aims to modify these forces in a way that promotes the position of a business. Competition within an industry is more intense when new companies have easy means of entering the industry. Several barriers of entry can be implemented to limit the threat of new entrants. These barriers include loyalty to major brands, high fixed costs, and scarcity of resources, incentives for using a specific buyer, government legislation, brand equity, switching costs, patents, economies of product differences, capital requirements, access to dist ribution, absolute cost advantages, learning curve advantages and anticipated retaliation from incumbents. Higher entry barriers lead to higher profits. Suppliers with large enough impact to affect a company’s margins and volumes hold substantial power. Suppliers can place pressure on a business for a range of reasons. They include existence of few suppliers for a particular product, lack of substitutes, products that buyers cannot do without, supplying industries with higher profitability than buying industries, Supplier switching costs being relative to a firms switching costs, presence of substitute inputs, degree of differentiation of inputs and cost of inputs relative to the selling price of the product. Firms can reduce the power of suppliers by diversifying their range of products, standardizing products and supplying some needs from within. Buyers compete with a firm for added value in the value chain, this drives down the prices obtained by a firm. Buyers have power when there are a small number of them, they purchase in large volumes, they cannot do without the product, switching to another competitive product is simple, they are price sensitive and when their switching costs are relative to a firms switching costs. Buyers can be lesser threats when there is a threat of forward integration from the firm. They are less powerful when a product or service is

History of the Canaanite Religion Research Paper

History of the Canaanite Religion - Research Paper Example During this time, the Egyptians were the ones who governed and controlled the entire area of Canaan. During this period, there came the Egyptian Execration Texts, which lists people and princes of the area who owe their allegiance to Egypt. Canaan also related to other violent tribes other than Egypt. A group known as Amorite invaded the area in 2000B.C, which migrated through the Fertile Crescent from Southern Mesopotamian Valley. The Canaanites faced attacks and affected by the Hyksos, who once took control of Egypt from 1720 until 1570. In the sixteenth century, Egyptians succeeded in driving off the Hyksos tribe, which gave the Egyptians a way of extending their power over the Canaanites (Albright, 72). The Egyptian power was somehow weak, and this caused fights among various nations in the area. During the fourteenth century, there was around 350 written letters showing the correspondence of the Egyptian Court at Tell el-Amarna and a number of Canaanite cities. These letters wer e indications of some Canaanite principalities socially and politically. Before the Israelites could enter into Canaan, the people in Canaan only organized around the major cities. This Egyptian form of settlement resulted in a no central defense, which made it easy for the Israelites to succeed in settling in Canaan. Genesis 9:1-2 indicate that although the kind tried to form a defense coalitions there existed no power to unite all the Canaanites against Israelites. Judge Deborah made an effort to fight against Canaanites due to struggling against each other, and as a result, the Canaanite and Israelite finally melded together. This phenomenon finally ended by the time of King David’s Rule. There were findings of the cuneiform tablets, which remained in the royal library and temple in Ugarit. These tablets portrayal and religious perspective was a representation of the Canaanite thought. During this period, worshiping a god by the name Pantheon of deities took place in Ugari t. Each deity had its own duty assignment and fluidity flowed in the deity perception. Canaanites fully engaged in the practice of worshiping gods The Israelites lived in a culture where worship of many gods was into practice. Despite the understanding of the first Commandment by the Israelite-You shall not have any other god before me; the Canaanites challenged this monotheism form of worship-worship of only one God. This worshiping of gods by Canaanites appeared to be perfect according to many Israelites, and they finally forgot all the good things Yahweh was doing to them and started worshiping the gods of Canaan (Douglas, 100). Israelites also had another complain that Yahweh was invisible since no one has ever seen God; another factor why Israelites engaged in the practice of Canaan gods is that they became intolerant. According to Bible these gods worshiping refers to detestable. Although the Israelites were aware that God had demanded them not to worship any other god, the Ca naanites taught them all the detestable, that these gods did to them, and this made Israelites forget their Almighty God. The Canaanites and Israelites depended on rainfall for their survival, and it was a clear belief of them that it rained due to the divine powers of the god who assured human and animal fecundity. Physical Security provided by the gods during times of war was another factor that led the Israelites to begin worshiping gods. The Israelites complained that they should worship a visible god who they can easily access. Some of the gods worshiped by the Israelites One of the gods wors

Why were American politicians unable to fashion a compromise, as they Essay

Why were American politicians unable to fashion a compromise, as they had done in the past, to avoid a civil war in 1860 and 186 - Essay Example Most authors have tried to give an explanation as to why American politicians were unable to avoid the occurrence of the war in the year 1860 and 1861. This leads to a number of questions. Why and how did the status of middle class women change between the years1776 and 1876? What militaries or ideas inspired and influenced antebellum reform remake and change of American society during the antebellum years? What made Southern nations to secede from the unification in the year1860 and 1861? This essay answers these three questions, hence outlining the reasons why American politicians were unable to avoid civil war in 1860 and 1861. Northern Middle-Class Women The change of lives and status of Northern middle class women between 1776 and 1876 really influenced the occurrence of the civil war. Women with delegate credentials such Lucretia Mott were denied access to the national assembly of the World Antislavery Convention (WAC) in London (Blackstone 5). This highly resulted in protests due to rejection of gender equality. Some of the angered delegates such as Mott stormed from this gender dissatisfaction to support the protests, which contributed to the civil war (DBQ #11, Doc. #3). During this era, women were unable to occupy the ethnically fashionable â€Å"separate sphere† hence this led to gender equality violence. ... #6). Antebellum Reforms The efforts and notions, which enthused and aggravated the antebellum reforms highly influenced the occurrence of the 1860 civil war. There is not period in the history of America that had superior efforts to change society than the preceding four years before the Civil War (DBQ #9, Doc. #1). During these four decades, there was a diversity of social problems, which came under attack (Blackstone 7). The most prominent reformer of the antebellum reform was Horace Mann. Throughout the years 1837 to 1848, this reformer (Mann) was the leader of the Massachusetts Board of Education. During his leadership, Mann was a tireless supporter of education and stated that, if the civic failed to prepare the children to be effective citizens, then the republic was to undergo destruction like other nations (DBQ #11, Doc. #4). During these years, many Americans worked tirelessly to construct public schools, improve healthcare facilities, promote women’s rights, and chan ge criminal integrity system, and battle drunkenness and poverty. By the 1850’s, abolitionism, which was an attempt to end slavery in American became the greatest issue of the antebellum reform movement (DBQ #9, Doc. #1). According to President Jackson’s statement, â€Å"I deem man can be prominent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  quoted from (Alice 22), people are more godlike, and they were capable of eliminating any challenge and governing themselves through perfecting the institutions in order to perfect the American democracy (DBQ #11, Doc. #1). In the American history, antebellum reform comprised of frantic efforts to eradicate evils and right wrongs, which soon resulted to wars (McCutchen 33). William started publishing The Liberator in the year 1831whose aim was to motivate people to lift up the

History of the Canaanite Religion Research Paper

History of the Canaanite Religion - Research Paper Example During this time, the Egyptians were the ones who governed and controlled the entire area of Canaan. During this period, there came the Egyptian Execration Texts, which lists people and princes of the area who owe their allegiance to Egypt. Canaan also related to other violent tribes other than Egypt. A group known as Amorite invaded the area in 2000B.C, which migrated through the Fertile Crescent from Southern Mesopotamian Valley. The Canaanites faced attacks and affected by the Hyksos, who once took control of Egypt from 1720 until 1570. In the sixteenth century, Egyptians succeeded in driving off the Hyksos tribe, which gave the Egyptians a way of extending their power over the Canaanites (Albright, 72). The Egyptian power was somehow weak, and this caused fights among various nations in the area. During the fourteenth century, there was around 350 written letters showing the correspondence of the Egyptian Court at Tell el-Amarna and a number of Canaanite cities. These letters wer e indications of some Canaanite principalities socially and politically. Before the Israelites could enter into Canaan, the people in Canaan only organized around the major cities. This Egyptian form of settlement resulted in a no central defense, which made it easy for the Israelites to succeed in settling in Canaan. Genesis 9:1-2 indicate that although the kind tried to form a defense coalitions there existed no power to unite all the Canaanites against Israelites. Judge Deborah made an effort to fight against Canaanites due to struggling against each other, and as a result, the Canaanite and Israelite finally melded together. This phenomenon finally ended by the time of King David’s Rule. There were findings of the cuneiform tablets, which remained in the royal library and temple in Ugarit. These tablets portrayal and religious perspective was a representation of the Canaanite thought. During this period, worshiping a god by the name Pantheon of deities took place in Ugari t. Each deity had its own duty assignment and fluidity flowed in the deity perception. Canaanites fully engaged in the practice of worshiping gods The Israelites lived in a culture where worship of many gods was into practice. Despite the understanding of the first Commandment by the Israelite-You shall not have any other god before me; the Canaanites challenged this monotheism form of worship-worship of only one God. This worshiping of gods by Canaanites appeared to be perfect according to many Israelites, and they finally forgot all the good things Yahweh was doing to them and started worshiping the gods of Canaan (Douglas, 100). Israelites also had another complain that Yahweh was invisible since no one has ever seen God; another factor why Israelites engaged in the practice of Canaan gods is that they became intolerant. According to Bible these gods worshiping refers to detestable. Although the Israelites were aware that God had demanded them not to worship any other god, the Ca naanites taught them all the detestable, that these gods did to them, and this made Israelites forget their Almighty God. The Canaanites and Israelites depended on rainfall for their survival, and it was a clear belief of them that it rained due to the divine powers of the god who assured human and animal fecundity. Physical Security provided by the gods during times of war was another factor that led the Israelites to begin worshiping gods. The Israelites complained that they should worship a visible god who they can easily access. Some of the gods worshiped by the Israelites One of the gods wors

A definition of the values and ethics in sport Essay Example for Free

A definition of the values and ethics in sport Essay Principles A principle is a basic truth, law or policy. Principles are standards that define moral behaviour. A principle in sport might be that the officials teat all equally on the field of play. For example the referee in a rugby match is expected to make decisions on what has happened on the field of play, regardless of who the player is, this illustrates the principle of fair play in sport. In the premier league football it is often though that players get away with behaviour that would be deemed unacceptable and against the principle of fair play. Values Values are ideals that form the basis of actions and beliefs. An example of a value in sport is when a player endeavours to play well for the teams sake and not for his or her own benefit. Foe example, a hockey goalkeeper would put herself at some risk by saving a hard driven shot, this upholds the value of playing for the sake of others. In premier league football a goalkeeper may try very hard to save a shot and risk injury because he is die to gain as an individual in a forthcoming transfer deal. This is not upholding the value of playing for others. Ethics Ethics are rules that dictate a persons conduct. They form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on. In sport it is ethical to acknowledge that you have broken the rules of your particular game. For example, a snooker player would tell the referee that he had committed a foul shot even though the referee had not noticed, this shows ethical conduct. In athletics, a runner might take a performance enhancing drug, breaking the rules of competition this is an example of unethical behaviour. The underpinning value of these three definitions is that of fair play and abiding by the rules. Everyone involved at sport at all levels are supposed to encourage ethical considerations that will lead to fair play, it is to be encouraged at all levels of sport and towards all ages of sportsperson but particularly aspiring young athletes. The major underpinning values that are to be taught are:- * Friendship * Respect for others * Playing with a level head and a team spirit * Equal opportunities An explanation as to the importance of ethics and values for sporting organisation and the individuals who participate Individual and group development has a lot to do with the ethics and values that are learnt through life. Ethics and values are important for individuals who take part in sport because sport plays a major role in a lot of peoples lives from an early age. Players and fans that are into sport tend to devote a lot of time and effort to their favourite sport. If you look into the nature of fairplay in sport for some people it leads to their understanding of fairness in a wider social setting, this is because many of our basic values, such as playing fairly are often absorbed through athletic competition because when kids are taught about sports emphasis is often put on playing fair. The underlying importance of this is that if an individual or group do not develop a proper set of ethics and values it will make them and their club look bad. An example is a player like Roy Keane who admitted in his autobiography that he broke a fellow footballers leg simply because he wanted to. From this I can understand that Roy Keane did not grow up with the same sort of values that I did. He didnt get it hammered into him when he was young that breaking someones leg isnt part and parcel of the sport. This also reflects a bad image on the club and if my memory serves me right Manchester United round about that time were considered quite a dirty club. No proud owner of a club really wants their club to be known as an aggressive bunch of cheats. It is nobler to be like Chelsea who last year not only won the Premiership but the fairplay award as well which if you look at it really makes you think yeah they are true champions because they won it fairly. You could argue that they spent 100 million pounds to win the league but they still did it fairly more so than any other team in the land and I and hopefully many other football fans respect them for it. From a strong commitment to ethics and values players can achieve likeability and move onto more successful jobs. An example is Gary Linekar he never received a yellow card in his whole life ans he has since taken over from the legendary Des Lynam as the Match of the Day host. Players with bad reputations that are openly disliked by the majority of fans are unlikely to move onto other limelight jobs when their career over as well as simply being disliked by the general public. When these players careers are over they still have to do the shopping, go out to eat etc. When they go out into the public people are going to have an opinion of them based on the ethics and values that they have shown on the field of play. Who wants to be openly disliked? Clubs have a good public image to gain from having a strong commitment to ethics and values and all good businesses know that a good public image means more money. A consequence of bad ethics and values could be related to athletics. Probably the most talked about ethic in sport is the prohibition of using performance enhancing drugs in athletics. A lot of people do wonder what justifies this prohibition because why shouldnt athletes, especially competent adult athletes be free to take risks with their bodies? The answer to this comes down to ethics and morals most of us have about sport. This is an important rule because performance enhancing drugs such as steroids have very harmful side effects as well as providing an unfair advantage. It is important that a value such is this is instilled into athletes of all ages because really we would hope that all athletes would want to compete clean not only because they should want to see how good they can become without performance enhancing drugs but hopefully the integrity of the sport should be important to them as well. I remember I myself used to be a big fan of athletics back in the day of Linford Christie and Colin Jackson but over time I began to get tired when my heroes, the people I looked up to got stripped of their gold medals because they had cheated. Incidents like these put me off the sport and I no longer watch it, this is why it is important for individuals and organisations to have a strong set of ethics and values. Children look up to and aspire to be like a lot of the athletes that are on the TV these days and a poor showing of ethics and values by a well known professional sportsperson will surely be taken in and acknowledged as ok by many young athletes. Basically fans want to trust that an athletes accomplishments are achieved fairly. Consequences of bad ethics and values are that sportspersons integrity is totally lost, the sports integrity itself will go down and younger athletes may lose faith in wanting to be a professional. Coaches at all levels experience the pleasures of watching young people develop sport skills and contribute to successful teams. However, coaches also have important legal and ethical obligations to their athletes. Coaches need to ensure that a strong set of values are instilled right from the start of those of whom they are coaching playing days. There are a range of ethical responsibilities for a sports coach the most common are To encourage the development of youth into productive citizens and to develop their abilities and attitudes for further learning and success in life. To encourage participation and involve as many people as possible in a competitive experience. All team members, regardless of ability are to be afforded opportunities to develop their work ethic, sense of commitment, and social and athletic skills. All coaching programmes should seek to educate athletes about community support and encourage them to return that support both now and throughout their lives. And one of the biggest goals to be taught is that of The goal is to win, but to win the correct way, a player should never sacrifice his character for a win Earlier on I described the consequences of a bad set of ethics for an individual. In my opinion a coach with a bad set ethics is far worse because it is just not him or her who looks bad it is the people he/she is influencing as well. First of the importance of a proper coaching is the influential factor. This doesnt just apply to children but to adults as well. The problem these days is that winning is everything and some coaches do actually teach that. Various coaches at the top level send their players out to win a match through diving, time wasting and fouling opposition players. So adults can be influenced as well and so can kids who are learning in much the same way that winning is everything. It is imperative that a coach instils values and ethics into a child as early as possible so that they are not so easily swayed into cheating as they get older. This once again helps keeps intact the integrity of the player, the club the play for and the sport. The benefit these players will have are that they can become an upstanding member of the public a role model that players can look up to sort of like a David Beckham figure (bad example). Consequences are that from a young age players are conditioned into thinking that winning is everything and this can spill over into real life. A sports player may cheat on a maths test or lie to get a girlfriend because the values that they learnt through their coaching apply to their real life situations. Coaches need to be a positive role model and penalise unfair play! An example I can remember when this was not done was in the final of the 1999 womens world cup. The American womens football team completed regulation and extra time play against china with the score drawn. The championship, viewed through the world by millions of fans, many of them young American girls captivated by the success of the American women, was to be settled by a penalty shootout. The coach had decided one of the Chinese shooters, Liu Ying, lacked confidence so said something to the American goalkeeper, Briana Scurry. When Ying made her move, Scurry took two quick steps forward, in violation of a rule of football, to cut off Yings shooting angle. The tactic worked. Scurry deflected Yings shot and the Americans won. As for as Im concerned Scurry acted unfairly and cheated by violating a rule on her coaches advice. It set a bad example to all the aspiring young American women and for me and many other people that watched, the American victory was tainted by unethical behaviour in a deliberate violation of the rules. I see that as a major consequence of bad ethics taught and it is still happening all over the world in other sports such as boxing where fighters have cheated in a multitude of ways through their cornermen. To be honest a lot of the people that cheat in sport through advice of their coaches are remembered only for their win and not for the cheating but there are many people still out their who view these sportspeople and the people that coached them as cheats and they have to live that for the rest of their lives. The main value statements that need to be learnt in order to obtain an NVQ in sport and recreations are that people shouldnt be discriminated against based on their age, gender, ethnic origin or if they are disabled. The reason that these value statements are in place is because in this day and age there is still a lot of prejudice in the world. Prejudice cant be afforded in competitive sport or the sports industry. Sport in reality is supposed to be all about enjoyment and achievement and shouldnt in anyway be anything to do with a disability, age or colour of someones skin. The benefits of the individuals who learn these value statements and take them in are that they will influence people to shed their differences and help understand other peoples needs and this will help to draw different types of people together. Basically differences can be buried by sport if people learn these statements then apply them to the sporting organisations they work in. An example is that they could encourage different race teams or mixed age teams or include people with disabilities. Most of the football teams that we support today have a mix of nationalities. The small minority of supporters that are racist tend to support the ethnics in their own team with the same love shown to the people in their team that are the same races as them. This shows that sport can bring people together at the highest level which means that it can be filtered down to lower levels like people working in leisure centres or small clubs. With regards to age sport and sports facilities should cater for all ages. Just because someone becomes older does not mean that they lose there ability or desire to play sport. Old people should be valued equally when they go to a leisure centre its not that they want to do a swimming lap in twenty seconds they just want to enjoy themselves and be involved. Older people might look old but some dont feel old and contribute their knowledge and experience to those that are younger. The benefits of understanding the older people in the community are that it open doors and gives opportunities for special events such as swimming for the elderly or special classes. Old people dont want to feel inferior or isolated and if sporting organisations can help and understand them by arranging and encouraging activities for them to take part in it can only improve the organisations overall/community image. People in the community dont want to feel ostracised so classes such as Muslim women only classes, women only classes and free for the over 60s classes have helped participation rates in relation to sporting activities. If all the people that are part of an organisation have a good set of ethics and morals it can only be productive for the organisation. Good examples will be set, participation rates will be met and the bank balance should show a good profit. The more types of people that are mentioned in the value statements taking part in sporting organisations can only lead to good publicity for the organisation. The consequences of an organisation not having a good set of ethics and values can be quite severe. There could be legal complications if disabled facilities are not available and possibly if there are not enough people from ethnic origins not taking part. Organisations such as leisure centres could lose out on financial gains and suffer loses that could lead to a cut in jobs or the leisure centre losing its contract and being taken over or shut down. As well as that with poor ethics and values there will be no community spirit regarding the sporting organisation because if it does not cater for all the surrounding people it cannot expect to be successful. Successful businesses that have made it have done so due to the fact that they catered for the elderly, disabled etc. Manchester United offer reduced rates for the elderly and disabled and this gives them a good image which is paramount for a big sporting organisation that is in the limelight. Another consequence is that the general health of a community may declines. If the staff at an organisation are showing a lack of morals and values people may not attend which means that they are not getting the exercise that they need and this is particularly important in the elderly. For a lot of people working in sporting organisations they have to realise that the public is the main reason for their existence thus they have to be treated with some respect. If an organisation wants the public to have a good attitude towards them then they have to make sure that all their staff have people skills and a high degree of customer service skills. Employees in sports organisations have very important roles to play because they are on the front lines representing the organisations that they are working for. They need to set good examples and encourage ethics and values in every aspect of their job. If they dont it leads to customer complaints as well as tainting the image of whomever they are working for. On the managements side, they need to make sure that they instil good customer service ethics among employees and thus create a people-focused culture. They also have to take a more serious attitude to customers complaints and in rewarding those employees who display positive attitudes towards customers. Setting examples at the highest level will hopefully filter down examples to the lower levels staff who wont want to break the rules and then they should pass on these same examples to the customers they are serving. Once again this leads to increased participation rates, the business should make more money and have a decent public image. Employers and Employees have other important issues to consider such as providing high and health and safety standards. The importance of Health and safety in sporting organisations such as Leisure centres/gyms cannot be over-emphasised. This applies to employers, who must satisfy legislative requirements and employees, who work with hazardous substances. Consumers too are increasingly interested in knowing about the possible dangers of substances used in leisure centres including those that are added to their food. The public and employees stand to benefit from improved safety because effective health and safety management clearly helps reduce accidents. Obviously the less accidents there are the higher the reputation of the leisure centre/gym. A leisure centre/gym is all about reputation especially when there are so many rivals around. Health and Safety at work benefits:- Well-being at work Safety at work Quality of life Motivation Less injury or sickness Job security Good moral Low turnover Increased productivity Lower insurance premiums Increased reputation

Student Motivation And Academic Performance

Student Motivation And Academic Performance The motivation of students is one of the important issues in higher education, particularly owing to importance of academic performance in their professional life and also it focused on identifying the factors that will help educational thinkers to know students attitudes towards learning, what hinders and what facilitates learning in the process of learning. This will assist education community to predict student academic performance and identifying the students before their grades begin to fall (Kamauru, 2000). Lumsden (1994) has investigated which passion to learn seems to shrink as children grow. Learning sometimes becomes compulsion than happiness, thats why large number of students leaves education before graduation. Due to unpleasant attitude of students towards education very few are actually mentally present in the classroom. Student motivation is the element that leads students attitude towards learning process. Number of studies has been conducted to probe the role of student motivation toward academic performance and different definitions of students motivation have been used by various researches. Student motivation is often separated into two types: Intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation: A student is intrinsically motivated when he/she is motivated from surrounded by: Intrinsically motivated students enthusiastically engage themselves in learning out of peculiarity, attention, happiness or in order to achieve their own scholarly and personal aims. Therefore students with intrinsic motivation are more enthusiastic, self driven, challenging and feel pleasure in their studies and students with extrinsic motivation try to drag themselves with academic coursework, feel compelled to learn, and always put minimum efforts to attain maximum appreciations. Intrinsically motivated, students tend to use strategies that require more effort and that allow them to process information more strongly. In intrinsic and extrinsic motivation we have found the following sources of motivation which has also been confirmed by the students during data collection. And also each of these items has defined in following table which has been used in design a questionnaire for intrinsic and extrinsic factors. At this time, I am going to talk about research methodology: 2. Research Methodology: 2.1 Sample The sample involved of 342 university students of dissimilar programs in various universities of Islamabad and Lahore, Pakistan. The students were asked about how motivated they are about their university experience and what really motivated them to study. The questionnaire was distributed among both female and male students. It involved 82% male and 18% female students in the survey with an average age of 20 years. The following technical card contains the concise information regarding research methodology: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Purpose of study Exploration à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Types of investigation Correlations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Extent of researchers interference Minimal à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Study setting Non-contrived à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Measurement Scaling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Unit of examination Individuals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sampling design Simple random sampling à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sample size n = 250 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Time horizon one shot à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data collection method Questionnaire à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data analysis of Variance The above given self descriptive table describes different parts of research methodology in brief. For statistical purpose analysis of variance has been conducted using SPSS 17 version. 2.2 Instrumentation and Measurement: The above mentioned self-explanatory table contains the key of the items mentioned in the survey questionnaire. This shows that each source in given due consideration in the survey and items were mixed in the survey regarding the source of student motivation. 2.3 Procedure: The questionnaires were distributed randomly among the students of different programs of different semesters and their responses were collected. Data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0) for precise analysis and results. Analysis included regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). 3. Result: The following report begins with the results of the respondents information on segments like languages and Gender. This study, conducted on the student motivation and its Impact on student performance, shown that 82.4% respondents are male while 17.6% female, who participated in this study. Female segment of the sample is reasonably insignificant in the study. This study reveals percentages of languages: of these, 34.5% respondents belong to Punjabi language, 8.6% respondents belong to Sindhi language, 10.8% respondents belong to Pashto language, 6.5% respondents belong to Saraiki language, 33.5% respondents belong to Urdu language, 0.7% respondents belong to Hindco language and 5.4% respondents belong to Baluchi language. Different languages are spoken in various parts of the country. However, in one university students come from different parts of the country and speak different languages. Four major provincial languages and three other languages, commonly spoken in some of the pro vinces, were also included in the study. Languages reflect cultural values of their own provinces. Now we have a clear picture of the respondents answers regarding student motivation and student performance. 4. Discussion: Rejection of alternative options, career and qualifications and social pressure instil the academic performance. In the same way, intrinsic motivation achieved through respect of altruism, and self-exploration. This study investigates student motivation and its impact on student academic performance. Student performance will increase between 23 percent and 34 percent due to extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. T-value of both tables shows relevant Importance of elements of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation for academic performance. On the whole, model is Significant. This study reveals R-square is 80 percent which show strong relationship of students motivation with their Performance. Academics performance will increase 34 percent due to extrinsic motivation where as academics Performance will increase 23 percent due to intrinsic motivation. Every student has diversified experience of knowledge, abilities, talents and aspirations and come from different Social, regional and political backgrounds that may affect their motivation to learn. Some student having great quantity of skill due to best schooling and other are vice versa. However, student motivation is a prerequisite of academic performance (Masitsa, 2008). Helpful learning in the classroom depends on the teachers capability that creates interest related to subject matter. Student performance depends upon the forces which are affecting during the studies (Erickson, 1978). There is no paranormal formula for accessing accurate level of students Motivation other then extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation questionnaire. 5. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study examined the influence of student motivation on academic performance. The study found positive and mutually causal relationship between students motivation and students academic performance. This relationship is mutual, meaning students who are more motivated do better and student who perform better become more motivated. In this study, R-square is 80 percent; this shows very strong relationship of students motivation with academics performance. T-value also shows relevant significance of students motivation toward the student academics performance. Extrinsic and intrinsic motivations increase their academic performance between ranges of 23 percent and 34 percent. When we checked on individual element of extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, we found that Academics performance will increase 17 percent due to rejection alternative option. Academics performance will enhance 9 percent due to occupation qualification. Academics performance will put in to 7 percent because of social pleasure. Academics performance will increase 4 percent due to common pressure. Academics performance will increase 10 percent due to self exploration. Academics performance will increase 12 percent due to altruism. Blank (1997); Dev (1997); Kushman (2000) and Woods (1995) also associated high motivation and commitment in learning as consisted link to reduce dropout rates and increase levels of student performance. From these findings we conclude that students who are intrinsically motivated perform much better academically than students who are extrinsically motivated. Extrinsically motivated students might do a good job or perform well to achieve a certain reward, but it does not keep them motivated for long-term and overall performance does not change or is consistent. They might carry out very well in one semester or quiz to achieve a certain reward or goal and then next semester might show poor performance because the reward did not exist anymore. Their performance does not remain constant as a result. Students who are intrinsically motivated take up tasks or perform well academically for their own interest and for their own learning. These kinds of students are truly interested in learning and in achieving high goals. This shows in their overall consistent performance. From these results and Analysis, this study concludes that academic performance is positively influenced by intrinsic motivation and negatively affected by extrinsic motivation. Additional research is required to address the question that How students intrinsic motivation can be increased? Critique In regard to research methodology: At the first I guess its better to describe the motivation which it didnt indicate clearly and also designate different type of performance in this case academic learning and learn how to assess the motivation while it didnt indicate in original paper base of literature review: Motivation: It is incentive, enthusiasm, or interest that causes a specific action or certain behaviour. There are two main kinds of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is internal. It occurs when people are compelled to do something out of enjoyment, significance, or desire. Extrinsic motivation occurs when external factors compel the person to do something. A common place that we see the need to apply motivation is in the work place. In the work force, we can see motivation play a key role in leadership and management success. A person unable to grasp motivation and apply it will not become or stay a leader. It is crucial that anyone seeking to lead or motivate understand How let to Hierarchy of Work Motivators. What all process theories have in common is an emphasis on the cognitive processes in determining his or her level of motivation. Equity theory assumes that one important cognitive process involves people looking around and observing what effort other people are putting into their work and what rewards follow them. This social comparison process is driven by our concern for justice and equity. Research by Adams (1965) and others confirms equity theory as one of the most useful frameworks for understanding work motivation. The motivational force of a job can so be calculated if the expectancy, instrumentality and are known. The individuals abilities, characters, role perceptions and opportunities reduce the motivational force. In this project just focus is on motivation and wanted to know about the relationship between academic performance and motivation and just talk about Extrinsic and Intrinsic factor while the other mediator and moderator factor maybe totally devastate the relationship between the even those student although have a intrinsic motivation as in this paper in result part you see as a significant factor but due to such a factor it cant go well and dont change the performance as it was expected. I just want to review some of these articles about the other factors that can be helpful. In cognitive-motivational process model (Vollmeyer, R. Rheinberg, F. (1998). Motivationally Einflu ¨sse auf Erwerb and Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System. [Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of knowledge in a simulated system.] Zeitschrift fu ¨r Pa ¨dagogische Psychologie, 12, 11-23.) Motivational factors imagine that have an effect on performance via mediators. Such a potential mediator is persistence. Also in this paper the researcher did research on fifty-one students learnt a complex dynamic system. They measured their initial motivation (mastery confidence, incompetence fear, interest and challenge), then a set of mediating variables during learning. Performance measures were knowledge acquisition and knowledge application. In this paper it was shown a path-analysis showed that initial motivation influenced persistence and it have direct effect on performance and should take in consideration that sometimes highly persistent learners did not have higher mean final performance, despite acquiring more knowledge over trials. So performance is one of the possible mediator that in (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg (2000) this paper it has discussed. Also in another study we can see that (Bandura, 1991) combines motivation and cognition into a cognitive-motivational perspective. He defined motivation as a multidimensional phenomenon indexed in terms of selection of pursuits from competing alternatives, intensity of effort, and persistence of exertion (p. 158). For learning this means that motivation not only affects what people learn, but also the intensity and the duration of the learning activities. So as you can see in this study although motivation has considered as a multidimensional phenomenon, but the indexes is not according to this paper. In another study, (Rheinberg, 1997, p. 14) defined motivation as something that provides an impetus towards a goal for all current processes. In doing so, motivation influences the way people learn. Vollmeyer and Rheinberg (1998) proposed a cognitive-motivational process model. The interaction between motivation and cognition is described in more detail by Schiefele and Rheinberg (1997). They argued that motivation can affect three aspects of learning: (1) Persistence and frequency of learning activities. (2) Mode of performed learning activities. (3) Motivational and functional states of the learner during learning. These three aspects define the framework, within which we looked for variables that may mediate the effect initial motivation has on performance. Also different type of learning is one of the issues that didnt indicate in the main paper but in Schiefele and Rheinberg (1997) has completely indicated. In confirming the relationship between motivation and performance but in different type in work place we can see :The motivational model holds that more opportunities to participate in decision making provide subordinates with greater intrinsic rewards from work (Conger Kanungo, 1988; Thomas Velthouse, 1990) and higher levels of psychological empowerment (Spreitzer, 1995), which may result in improved work performance. In addition to, the other mediator factor between motivation and performance as a result of a meta-analysis conducted by Eby, Freeman, Rush, and Lance (1999) revealed that intrinsic motivation mediates the link between the participative management behaviour of supervisors and the organizational commitment of employees and their work performance. (XU HUANG1, ET al.2010) Furthermore there is some other papers that confirm the some other factors for increasing the motivation For instance Lumsden, (1994) analyzed students involvement towards education and sources of their motivation. Marshal (1987) viewed students motivation as a force beneficial to the learner. Ames (1990) stated that motivation to learning is dependent on long-term, quality attachment in learning and pledge to the process of learning. Most motivation philosopher believes that motivation is involved in the performance of all learned responses and leaned behaviour will not occur unless it is energized.Bomia et al. (1997) has suggested student motivation as student keenness, need, desire and obligation to participate and be booming in the learning process. Some other Critical Theory in Motivation and performance: Effect of content theories of motivation: There are some other theories in motivation and academic performance which is more related to organizational behaviour such as Maslow and ERG theory that in this part we want to elaborate more in terms of different needs of employee to get satisfy and increase their academic performance. Seeing that we can see in order to motivate student in case of maximize their academic performance to attain higher grading we need to meet their basic needs at first due to Maslow and Alderfer ERG theories which belong to content theories of motivation as it is illustrated above. Pygmalion effect on motivation and performance: It is worth mentioning that student performance increases only if we can motivate them. Also another factor should be highlighted in this regard and that is theory of fulfilling forecast. This theory talks about Pygmalion effect. The Pygmalion consequence enables student to excel in response to the parent and their lecturers message that they are capable of success and expected to succeed. The Pygmalion effect can also undermine student performance when the subtle communication from the manager tells them the converse. Supposing if a student is inexpert, he leaves scars on the careers, cuts deeply into their self-esteem and distorts their image of himself/herself as human being. But if he/she is expert and has high expectations of his/her subordinates, their self-assurance will grow, their capabilities will develop and their efficiency will be high. If the lecturer actually believes that every student has the ability to make a positive contribution at his/her studies, the telegraphing of that message, either consciously or automatically, will positively have an effect on academic performance. In regard to discussion part: While in the discussion part all the alternative except the intrinsic factors reject we review the literature about Motivational factors and academic learning: When a learner approaches a learning task, the literature suggests that several motivational factors are relevant and can be measured: (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg, 2000). 1. Learners can vary in their certainty that they will succeed in understanding the task. This factor we will call mastery confidence (similar concepts have been proposed: e.g., subjective probability of success and self-efficacy (Bandura, 1977). 2. Learners can differ in their anxiety about failing in the task. This factor we will call incompetence fear (a similar concept is Atkinsons fear of failure, however, for him this concept is measured as a trait whereas we assess a persons actual state); (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg, 2000). 3. Learners may vary in the degree to which they perceive this task as a challenge. Perceiving the task as a challenge requires a personal achievement standard for this task against which to test task performance. 4. The task may or may not evoke the learners interest. All these motivational factors are said to affect learning; however, it has not been clearly shown how. In accordance with our cognitive-motivational process model (Vollmeyer Rheinberg, 1998), we investigated the assumption that these four motivational factors influence learning via the following three mediators: The motivational state during learning, The systematicity of learners strategies The number of learning rounds the learners deliberately chooses to spend improving their knowledge (persistence). (Regina Vollmeyer *, Falko Rheinberg, 2000). In regard to conclusion and recommendation SUMMERY: The aim of this assignment was to review a peer reviewed journal article that is research based, and is representative of one of the research methodologies we discussed in class (distribute the questionnaire for assessing the just two concept motivation and academic performance. The format of the article has the appearance of a dissertation because it has many of the same components. It starts with an abstract that discusses the main points of the research and the results. After reading the article, I found that the abstract failed to mention the other reasons that affect the performance except motivation of student that the research was based on. The research methodology used in this study was surveys analyzed in a quantitative design. More particularly, only one survey instruments was introduced in the article, and only it was used. It was a questionnaire which was designed and developed by Neil (2004) measure students motivation and it was called The University Student Motivation and Satisfaction Questionnaire version 2 (TUSMSQ2).It was an instrument contains 30-items. The questions measure both Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation of students and one the problem is that variable which was analysed in this paper just focus on internal and external feature of motivation.

Romeo and Juliet: The Play :: essays research papers

Romeo and Juliet: The Play" Accidentally, incidentally, unintentionally, intentionally; no one ever really knows, but we are for certain one thing: â€Å"the heart isits own fate.† For Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet, two star-crossed lovers in Shakespeare’s masterpiece play ‘Romeo and Juliet,’ this holds especially true. Romeo and Juliet’s â€Å"misadventure piteous overthrow† is fueled by their love for each other and their determination to be together, no matter what. Romeo and Juliet’s love with stands the hate surrounding them. Thus, fate is undoubtedly the most responsible influence for the two young lovers’ heartbreaking tragedy. A letter, never meant to even graze the hand of a Montague, was indeed read by a Montague. As fate would have it, a servant gets tangled up on the addresses of the letters to be delivered, notifying recipients of Capulets’ masquerade party, and stops the first pedestrian that walks by, hoping that he would direct them to the correct address. Undoubtedly, the first pedestrian he ran across was Romeo, his kinsman Benvolio in tow. When Benvolio learns word of the party, he is eager to go, while Romeo is reluctant. With a little nagging, Benvolio and Mercutio convince Romeo to go. It takes one glance, one intense, meaningful glance, and Romeo is in like with Juliet Capulet, his loathed enemy. With one kiss, they are both in love with each other, without knowing, tragically seal both of their lives into a tomb of confinement, filled only with their love for each other. Another episode of fate, or rather dramatic irony, happens when Romeo somehow misses getting a letter from Tybalt Capulet, his enemy, challenging him to a duel. Romeo, unknowing of the tragic letter sent to him, but not gotten, goes to tell his friends of his beautiful bride, but, in return, comes face-to-face with none other than Tybalt, his loathed enemy, the kin to his new bride, Juliet. As soon as Romeo shows up, though, he is greeted by Tybalt’s insults, calling him a villain, but instead of stepping up to Tybalt’s challenge, though, Romeo backs down, saying, â€Å"Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee doth much excuse the appertaining rage to such a greeting. Villain I am none. Therefore farewell. I see thou knowest not me.† After harsh words are spoken, families are disgraced, and names are scorned, Romeo finally just backs away. Mercutio, though, cannot let his man be put to disgrace, so he decides to defend Romeo’s name.