Distillation Essay -- Organic Chemistry Distillation Water Essays

DistillationI. IntroductionThe sue of distillation has been employ by humans for years to create alcoholic beverages. Distillation is the process of boil a pair of perspicuouss with different simmering degrees and then liquify the vaporizations above the boiling liquid in an attempt to disrupt them. One might suspect that the mixed two liquids of different boiling points could be separated simply by raising the temperature to the lower boiling point of the two liquids. However, this is not the case. The two liquids boil together at some temperature between their two boiling points.Raoults law states that the vapor compact of one liquid is equal to the product of the vapor gouge of the pure liquid and the mole fraction of that liquid in the liquid. The score vapor pressure is simply the sum of the partial pressures of the two liquid components. Daltons law states that the mole fraction of one liquid in the vapor is equal to the partial pressure of the liquid divided by the total pressure. These laws can help explain the process of halfway distillation.When a mixing of ethanol and weewee is heat, it volition boil at a temperature between 78.3 C (the boiling point of pure ethanol) and 100 C (the boiling point of pure water). In fractional distillation, the vapor leave alone condense on a surface. The condensate result then disappear again and then condense on another surface. This process will continue until the part of ethanol in the mixture continues to get large as the percentage of water decreases. The more(prenominal) surfaces that the vapor settles on, the higher percentage of ethanol one will arrest. However, one will never collect pure ethanol. Ethanol and water form an azeotrope at 78.15 C. An azeoptrope is a mixture of liquids of a certain definite composition that distills at a continuous temperature without change in composition. The azeoptrope of ethanol and water will be 95% ethanol and 5% water. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the processes of distillation and fractional distillation to discover which procedure enables a more pure have of ethanol to be collected from an ethanol/water mixture. II. ProcedureFor dewy-eyed distillation, I added 4 mL of a 10-20% ethanol-water mixture to a 5 mL round-bottomed long-necked flask. I joined the flask to a distilling cope fitted with a thermometer by means of... ...iling points will have a constant boiling point.6. When water is distilled, it does not vaporize all at once when the boiling point is reached. When some water molecules evaporate, the kinetic energy of the remaining liquid goes fine-tune and the temperature drops slightly. As a result, the rest of the water needs to be heated again before more molecules of water evaporate. A constant commencement of heat is needed.8. It is dangerous to carry out a distillation in a closed apparatus because vapor takes up more post than a liquid. So in a closed apparatus, the vapor pressure would bu ild up, and the apparatus would explode.9. Slower distillation results in better withdrawal of liquids, because time is needed for the liquids to meet the vapors in the distillation/condensing process. If this is done too fast, then the vapor doesnt go through as many distillation/condensation cycles, and the final sample will not be separated into its too components as much.10. A packed fractionating chromatography column is more efficient than an unpacked one because a packed column provides more surface area for the vapor to condense on. The more it condenses, the more efficient the separation of the liquids.