Conflict Resolution in Groups Essay -- Intergroup Relations Social Psy

interlocking Resolution in GroupsConflict resolution has been researched, analysed and discussed for some years however, it is only until recently that psychologists have gotten involved on a wider scale. Up until then the study of relations has more or less(prenominal) been the preserve of political scientists, historians and professionals such as lawyers and diplomats. Much of the social scientific discipline research has therefore been based on the previous therefore the theories substantial give a much deeper insight to the psychological aspects of contravention resolution. In order to discuss competitiveness resolution, booking needs to be defined. chamber (2003) defines skirmish is as a violent collision a seek or contest a battle a mental shinny (pg. 272) This is a general and very broad definition of the word which has been early(a)wise interpreted by psychologists as well as sociologists and economists. Shaw claims that in conflict situations driving forces are involved, combined with restraining forces, own forces and various combinations of induced or impersonal forces. All these contribute to a conflict situation. He goes on to explain that driving forces produce conflicts when the person is located between twain positive valences, two banish valences or the person themselves. He uses a diagram to represent this (Appendix 1). In his next diagram he shows an avoidance-avoidance conflict situation is shown. (Appendix 2). Shaw refers to this as a stable conflict situation whereby the conflict usually remains unresolved. The third and last diagram represents two goals which some(prenominal) represent positive and negative valences in the same direction. This he calls the approach-avoidance conflict situation in which conflict is also stable however, people in this situation psychologically think they are in the avoidance-avoidance situation. Conflicts which involve other forces such as driving forces or restraining forces, and these rest rictions cant be passed the person may respond with aggression, hostility, frustration, apathy or other negative feelings. Shaw believes that conflict can be caused by opposition of forces corresponding to the persons needs, or by induced forces. However, this theory makes little sense, as Shaw gives the example of an employer gift orders to an employee, may show signs of some kind of power of P ( a boss would have a certain hold/power over his/... ...oup, in Henri Tajfel (ed.) fond Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge, UK Cambridge Univ. Press 15-40.Tzeng, O., & Jackson, J (1994) Effects of Contact, Conflict, and Social Identity on Interethnic Group Hostilities, International Journal of Intercultural Relations (vol. 18, No.2) 259-276.forefront Knippenberg, A. (1989) Strategies of Identity Management, in J. P. van Oudenhoven & Tineke Willemsen (eds.) Ethnic Minorities Social Psychological Perspectives. Amsterdam, NL Swets & Zeitlinger 59-76.Vayrynen, R. (1991) sunrise(p renominal) Directions in Conflict Theory Conflict Resolution and Conflict Transformation. capital of the United Kingdom Sage PublicationsVolkan, V. & Itzkowitz, N. (1994). Turks and Greeks Neighbours in Conflict. Huntingdon, England Eothen Press.Volkan, V. (1988) The Need to Have Enemies and Allies From Clinical give to International Relationships. Northvale, NJ Jason Aronson.Volkan, V. (1992) Ethnonationalistic Rituals An Introduction, Mind and Human Interaction, Vol. 4 3-19.Woodhouse, T. & Rambotham, O. (2000) Peacekeeping & Conflict Resolution. Portland Frank Cass Publications